Since all three taxa are oxidasepositive, fastidious gramnegative rods with relatively few positive reactions, they may be easily confused in the microbiological laboratory. Macroscopic appearance at 24 hours, cardiobacterium hominis colonies are minute but at 48 hours the colonies are 12 millimeters in diameter, opaque, smooth, moist and butyrous. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapprovedinvestigative use of a commercial. After six weeks of treatment with effective bactericidal chemotherapy a microbiological cure was achieved. Cardiobacterium hominis is found as part of normal respiratory flora the likely source of the organism in our patient but it is seldom identified in that setting due to its.
Three of these organisms, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, cardiobacterium hominis, and kingella spp. Cardiobacterium hominis, a fastidious, gramnegative bacillus belonging to the haemophilus parainfluenzae, aggregatibacter spp. Here, we provide a draft genome sequence of a pathogenic strain isolated from blood cultures of a patient with infectious endocarditis. This pdf is available for free download from a site hosted by medknow publications. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis complicated by aortic. Cardiobacterium hominis, a member of the hacek group haemophilus, actinobacillus, cardiobacterium, eikenella, and kingella of gramnegative rods, is the only cardiobacterium species known to cause human disease.
Cardiobacterium hominis is a gramnegative bacillus rodshaped bacterium commonly grouped with other bacteria into the hacek group. Using these methods, cardiobacterium hominis was identified in 2 days from the date of serum collection. Cardiobacterium valvarum, a fastidious gramnegative bacterium, was detected in the aortic valve of a previously healthy 63yearold man by broadrange pcr and 16s rrna gene sequencing. Cardiobacterium hominis is a slowgrowing, fastidious, capnophilic, gramnegative bacillus represented by the c in hacek, an acronym for haemophilusspecies, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, c. Endocarditis due to a novel cardiobacterium species. The search term hacek was also used to obtain additional case series from which data on individual cases of c hominis endocarditis could be extracted. Cardiobacterium hominis an overview sciencedirect topics. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis sir, cardiobacterium hominis is a rarely encountered gramnegative bacterium which has been established as a cause of endocarditis during the last 20 years.
Pdf cardiobacterium hominisinduced acute dacryocystitis and. Cardiobacterium hominis, a member of the hacek group haemophilus parainfluenzae, haemophilus aphrophilus, and haemophilus paraphrophilus, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, c. Cardiobacterium hominis, is a member of the hacek haemophilus species, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, cardiobacterium hominis, eikenella corrodens and kingella kingae of gram negative bacilli. A case of cardiobacterium valvarum endocarditis with cerebral. An infective endocarditis case is presented and, additionally, phenotypic and phylogenetic comparison of a further 10 collection strains, representing the two species within the genus, was performed. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis complicated by aortic root. Bacterial dna was detected directly in the serum of a patient with endocarditis by broadrange 16s rrna pcr followed by sequencing and analysis of the results by the blast search. Cardiobacterium hominis is a slowgrowing, fastidious, capnophilic, gramnegative bacillus that is a member of the hacek group. Identification of cardiobacterium hominis by broadrange. Iga vasculitis, also called henochschonlein purpura hsp, is a form of cutaneous smallvessel vasculitis characterized by palpable purpura favoring the lower extremities, arthritis, nephritis, and iga deposition within postcapillary venules of the skin and mesangium. The following day, cardiobacterium hominis was isolated. Cardiobacterium hominis is a rare cause of endocarditis, and infection caused by this organism has not been described outside the vascular system.
Metabolic properties facultatively anaerobic but may require co 2 on primary isolation. Pdf cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis a case report. Little, cardiobacterium hominis bioprosthetic mitral valve endocarditis presenting as septic arthritis, diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, vol. Ana alvarez, md division of infectious diseases and immunology, department of pediatrics, university of florida college of medicine jacksonville, jacksonville, fl. Cardiobacterium hominis is a wellknown commensal bacterium of the oral cavity and an agent of infective endocarditis in humans. Article pdf available in the canadian journal of infectious. Cardiobacterium hominis article about cardiobacterium. The present report describes a very rare case of an aortic homograft valve endocarditis caused by cardiobacterium hominis.
Vertebral osteomyelitis, discitis, and epidural abscess. Download pdf 96k download meta ris compatible with endnote. In contrast to the patients in five previously published cases, our patient had neither a congenital bicuspid nor a prosthetic aortic valve. A case of bacterial endocarditis was caused by cardiobacterium hominis in a 41yearold man with mitral and aortic incompetence due to a previous episode of rheumatic fever. This case demonstrates the usefulness of both the steiner stain and broadrange direct molecular amplification as supplemental diagnostic tools in. Subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by cardiobacterium. Cardiobacterium hominis, a microaerophilic, pleomorphic gramnegative bacillus, is one of the aacek organisms. Alternative oral treatment with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin was successful, no surgical intervention was needed and homograft function could be preserved. Cardiobacterium hominis and cardiobacterium valvarum are well known, though rare, etiologic agents of infective endocarditis. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis a case report article pdf available in yonsei medical journal 261. We describe a case of endocarditis due to a new member of the cardiobacterium genus. They have been associated with local infection in the.
Despite the low virulence of the organism, major cardiac. Cardiobacterium hominis is a gramnegative bacillus rodshaped bacterium commonly. However, it may also rarely cause endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves. Cardiobacterium species have been described as pasteurellalike organisms and are part of the microbiota in the nose, mouth, and throat and are present occasionally on other mucous membranes as well as in the gastrointestinal tract. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis journal of clinical. Infective endocarditis, cardiobacterium hominis, cardiobacterium valvarum, 16s rdna sequencing. Diagnosis of cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis by broad.
The microorganism was also isolated and identified using conventional methods bacterial culture and. Despite the low virulence of the organism, major cardiac damage required valvular replacement, and there were. Cardiobacterium species may be misidentified as pasteurella multocida when using the api 20ne biomerieux, inc. The organ ism, which was presumptively identified on the basis of its colony morphology, its characteristic. Description of the bacterial genus cardiobacterium. Subacute infective endocarditis secondary to cardiobacterium. Cardiobacterium hominis is a member of the hacek group haemophilus paraphrophilus, haemophilus parainfluenzae, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, aggregatibacter aphrophilus, c hominis, eikenella corrodens, and kingella kingae, which are fastidious, gramnegative, aerobic bacilli that normally reside in the respiratory tract.
After six weeks of treatment with effective bactericidal chemotherapy a microbiological cure was. An unusual case of cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis involving an aortic homograft valve is presented. Common characteristics are acid production from glucose, aerobic growth in semisolid. Cardiobacterium valvarum infective endocarditis and. Cardiobacterium definition of cardiobacterium by medical. Actinobacillus, aggregatibacter, kingella, cardiobacterium. Two cases of endocarditis caused by cardiobacterium hominis are reported. Organismsbelongingto this group cause only about 3% of infective endocarditis 1. Herein, we describe a case of cardiobacterium valvarum c. In both instances infection was subacute and characterized by i implantation on abnormal valves, ii chronic course lasting weeks to months before recognition, and iii rapid clinical and bacteriological response to penicillin, as well as other antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by gramnegative. All these organisms have the propensity to cause endocarditis, but in the case of c.
The present report describes a case of infective endocarditis complicated with aortic root abscess caused by cardiobacterium hominis in a 56yearold man. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Firstline therapy is a thirdgeneration cephalosporin due to rare betalactamase production. Cardiobacterium valvarum is a newly recognized human pathogen related to infective endocarditis. A case of culturenegative endocarditis is reported, in which the diagnosis of cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis was made from arterioembolic tissue removed by percutaneous transluminal embolectomy by broadrange polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 16 rrna gene, followed by singlestrand sequencing. Drs bragg and alvarez have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this article. They are frequently bulbous at one or both ends and. Eleven strains of cardiobacterium hominis, two strains of kingella indologenes and six strains of cdc group ef4 were characterized.
Cardiobacterium species are, however, only rarely the aetiology of infective endocarditis. Microbacterium hominis is a bacterium from the genus of microbacterium which has been isolated from lung aspirate. The case was complicated by an agranulocytosis after 3 weeks of antibiotic treatment induced by ceftriaxone. Infective endocarditis complicated with progressive heart. Cardiobacterium hominisinduced acute dacryocystitis and lacrimal abscess. Division of infectious diseases and immunology, department of pediatrics, university of florida college of medicine jacksonville, jacksonville, fl. Cardiobacterium hominis definition of cardiobacterium.
Cardiobacterium hominis, a member of the hacek group of organisms, is an uncommon but important cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Cardiobacterium hominis and cardiobacterium valvarum. Rubin, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. Pdf cardiobacterium hominisinduced acute dacryocystitis. We describe a 66yearold woman with infective endocarditis due to cardiobacterium hominis whose condition, complicated by severe aortic regurgitation and congestive heart failure, necessitated aortic valve replacement despite treatment with ceftriaxone followed by ciprofloxacin. In the case described below cardiobacterium hominis is, to our knowledge, shown for. Cardiobacterium valvarum infective endocarditis and phenotypic. Cardiobacterium hominis in genitourinary specimens. Nov 04, 2004 the present case report describes the clinical course of a patient who presented with cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis. Pdf cardiobacterium hominis is a member of the hacek haemophilus sp. Cardiobacterium hominis induced acute dacryocystitis and lacrimal abscess.
C hominis, a fastidious gramnegative bacillus, is a member of the hacek. It is one of several bacteria that is normally present in the mouth and upper part of the respiratory tract such as nose and throat. Cardiobacterium hominis, a member of the hacek group haemophilus, actinobacillus, cardiobacterium, eikenella, and kingella of gramnegative rods, is the only cardiobacterium species known to cause human disease objective. In both instances infection was subacute and characterized by i implantation on abnormal valves, ii chronic course lasting weeks to months before recognition, and iii rapid clinical and bacteriological response to penicillin, as well as other antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by gram. Endocarditis due to cardiobacterium hominis in a 4year. Detection of cardiobacterium valvarum in a patient with. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis with cerebral mycotic.
C hominis, a fastidious gramnegative bacillus, is a member of the hacek group of microorganisms haemophilus species, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, c hominis, eikenella corrodens download pdf. Cardiobacterium hominis is an etiologic agent of bacterial endocarditis in patients with preexisting cardiovascular defects, but has also been involved in a case of fatal septicemia in an immunocompromised patient with no known preexisting heart disease. Mar 22, 2018 cardiobacterium is a fastidious gramnegative bacillus, and is a rare human pathogen in clinical settings. Jun 04, 2019 cardiobacterium hominis is a member of the hacek group haemophilus paraphrophilus, haemophilus parainfluenzae, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, aggregatibacter aphrophilus, c hominis, eikenella corrodens, and kingella kingae, which are fastidious, gramnegative, aerobic bacilli that normally reside in the respiratory tract.
Two case stories with infective episodes in pacemaker treated patients. Cardiobacterium hominis is a member of the normal upper respiratory flora in humans and may be found rarely on other mucosal surfaces. Although the patient was young a 17 year old man and showed few of the characteristic features of the disease, the report does illustrate a number of the problems associated with this illness and highlights the need for the careful assessment of apparent culture negative endocarditis. There are only 2 species in the genus cardiobacterium. Phylogenetic trees based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis clearly divided the examined strains. Cardiobacterium hominis is a member of the hacek haemophilus sp. Slotnik, using a labeled, hyperimmune, rabbit antiserum and selective culture, was able to detect c. Cardiobacterium hominis is a fastidious, gramnegative bacillus and is a member of the hacek group of organisms comprising haemophilus species, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium hominis, eikenellacorrodens,andkingellakingae. Cardiobacterium hominis, a recently recognized gramnegative pathogen, was recovered in blood cultures from a 65yearold man with indolent endocarditis of previously normal heart valves.
Endocarditis due to cardiobacterium hominis in a 4yearold. Proposal of six new species in the genus microbacterium and transfer of flavobacterium marinotypicum zobell and upham to the genus microbacterium as. Cardiobacterium hominis, like other fastidious, opportunistic gramnegative bacilli, including actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, haemophilus aphrophilus, and eikenella corrodens, is increasingly recognized as a cause of human disease. C hominis, a fastidious gramnegative bacillus, is a member of the hacek group of microorganisms haemophilus species, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, c. Draft genome sequence of a cardiobacterium hominis strain. The fastidious, slowgrowing bacteria of the species designated by the hacek acronym haemophilus parainfluenzae, haemophilus aphrophilus, haemophilus paraphrophilus, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, cardiobacterium hominis, eikenella corrodens, and kingella kingae are important causes of gramnegative endocarditis. Phenotypic differentiation of cardiobacterium hominis. Prompted by this finding, broadrange polymerase chain reaction pcr amplification of smallsubunit ribosomal dna 16s rdna was performed, and cardiobacterium hominis sequences were detected.
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